Expression of stop bands in forward volume spin waves

A research group led by assistant Professor Taichi Goto at Toyohashi University of Technology has, for the first time, demonstrated stop bands that prevent propagation of specific frequency components of forward volume spin waves. These are transmitted through magnetic insulators without the flow of current, and could be applied to the next generation of integrated circuits (ICs).

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2WxKpu4

Crime scene investigation technique offers a hard look at the traces that particles leave before fleeing the scene

Scientists solve neutrino mysteries by watching them interact with detectors—specifically, with the atomic nuclei in the detector material. Most of the time, a neutrino does not even shake hands with a nucleus. But when it does, the lightweight, neutral particle can transform into a charged particle and knock things out of the nucleus as it escapes—leaving a crime scene behind. Scientists at Fermilab's MINERvA experiment reconstructed the crime scene separating out underlying phenomena to get a clear picture of what happened.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RumHuP

Computational algorithm to reduce electromagnetic noise in electronic circuits developed

In order to design noiseless electromagnetic (EM) devices, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism behind EM noise and theoretical calculations and computer simulations are performed for prediction assessment of devices. Two researchers at Osaka University developed an algorithm for numerical calculation of EM noise (interference) in electric circuits.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2BcULX0

Superinsulators to become scientists' quark playgrounds

Scientists widely accept the existence of quarks, the fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons. But information about them is still elusive, since  their interaction is so strong that their direct detection is impossible and exploring their properties indirectly often requires extremely expensive particle colliders and collaborations between thousands of researchers. So, quarks remain conceptually foreign and strange like the Cheshire cat in "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," whose grin is detectable—but not its body.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2MGgmfa

New scanning transmission electron microscopes for medical and materials research

Researchers in Ben McMorran's University of Oregon physics lab had a great 2018, publishing four papers about their efforts to bring new life to scanning transmission electron microscopes for medical and materials research.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2Bba4PY

Study of the universe could help improve global security

A major research project between the UK and US to harness existing particle physics research techniques in order to remotely monitor nuclear reactors has been launched with the help of scientists at the University of Sheffield.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RX0bjn

Making the simple complex: Synchronization researchers dive into the 'messy'

Most people see the ocean waves and vaguely wonder why some are big and some are small —or look into a roaring fire and are curious as to what makes the flames move as they do—with seemingly no rhyme or reason.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2UpvMHi

International team of physicists continues search for new physics

Dark matter, which is thought to account for nearly a quarter of matter in the universe (but has yet to be observed), has perplexed physicists for decades. They're constantly looking for something surprising to show up in experiments—results that deviate from the standard model that defines elementary physics.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RYV0PU

Researchers wing it in mimicking evolution to discover best shape for flight

A team of mathematicians has determined the ideal wing shape for fast flapping flight—a discovery that offers promise for better methods for harvesting energy from water as well as for enhancing air speed.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2WtpisX

Researchers observe inwardly rotating spirals in a nonoscillatory medium

A team of researchers at Université Côte d'Azur and Hokkaido University have recently carried out a study exploring the spontaneous formation of spiral patterns observed on the downward-facing free surface of a horizontal liquid film. The surface examined by them entails Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which destabilizes the interface between two fluids of different densities when the heavier fluid is pushing down the lighter one.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2Th2YQZ

Clever timing makes computers produce less heat—even below Landauer's limit

Computer systems produce a lot of heat. Data centers are full of buzzing cooling fans, and even smartphones can heat up with high use. Reducing energy consumption is one of the main challenges in information technology. But there is a theoretical, temperature-dependent lower limit to cooling, as stated by Rolf Landauer in the 1960s. Jan Klaers of UT now shows that by cleverly timing the interaction of heat and logical operations, it is possible to go even lower than this limit. This new theory, presented in Physical Review Letters, may lead to increasingly energy-efficient electronics.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2UobQ7C

How do fish & birds hang together? Researchers find the answer is a wake with purp

Fish and birds are able to move in groups, without separating or colliding, due to a newly discovered dynamic: the followers interact with the wake left behind by the leaders. The finding offers new insights into animal locomotion and points to potential ways to harness energy from natural resources, such as rivers or wind.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2G7QGXM

Physicists find the limits of multitasking in biological networks

Many complex systems in biology can be conceptualized as networks. This perspective helps researchers understand how biological systems work on a fundamental level, and can be used to answer key questions in biology, medicine, and engineering.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2B6Wg9w

3-D virtual slicing of an antique violin reveals ancient varnishing methods

Italian violin-making masters of the distant past developed varnishing techniques that lent their instruments both an excellent musical tone and impressive appearance. Few records from this era have survived, as techniques were most often passed down orally to apprentices; only scarce information is available on the original methods used for finishing the instruments.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2TliZFK

New university ranking system includes the cultural perspective

A new study proposes a new way of ranking universities, using a more balanced cultural view and based on 24 international editions of Wikipedia

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2CN4kw0

How ion adsorption affects biological membranes' functions

In a new study published in EPJ E, Izabela Dobrzy?ska from the University of Bia?ystok, Poland, develops a mathematical model describing the electrical properties of biological membranes when ions such as calcium, barium and strontium adsorb onto them at different pH levels. These factors need to be taken into account when studying the diverse phenomena that occur at the lipid membrane in living cells, such as ion transport mechanisms.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RQwh0l

Peculiar physics at work in the brain

In 1982, the Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Ken Wilson for his contribution to understanding what goes on in certain materials as they undergo a phase transition—like the transition between liquid water and steam. For certain kinds of phase transitions, it turns out that the governing laws of physics conform to a very peculiar, fractal symmetry. That is, the physical laws are the same whether considered at small scales or large scales. The consequences of this odd scale-change symmetry are profound. It turns out that quite diverse systems—not just water—exhibit the same, universal behavior as long as they conformed to the same scale-change symmetry.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2FUvl4t

Testing Hawking radiation in laboratory black hole analogues

Researchers at Weizmann Institute of Science and Cinvestav recently carried out a study testing the theory of Hawking radiation on laboratory analogues of black holes. In their experiments, they used light pulses in nonlinear fiber optics to establish artificial event horizons.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2Tfukae

Identifying the origin of macroscopic friction between clay mineral surfaces

NIMS, the University of Tokyo and Hiroshima University jointly discovered for the first time, through theoretical calculation and experiment, that macroscopic frictions occurring between clay mineral surfaces originate from interatomic electrostatic forces between these surfaces. This finding may facilitate the design of solid lubricant materials and understanding of earthquake-causing fault slip mechanisms.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2S7ocUd

Physicists use supercomputers and AI to create the most accurate model yet of black hole mergers

One of the most cataclysmic events to occur in the cosmos involves the collision of two black holes. Formed from the deathly collapse of massive stars, black holes are incredibly compact—a person standing near a stellar-mass black hole would feel gravity about a trillion times more strongly than they would on Earth. When two objects of this extreme density spiral together and merge, a fairly common occurrence in space, they radiate more power than all the stars in the universe.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2DvTnAC

How to escape a black hole: Simulations provide new clues about powerful plasma jets

Black holes are known for their voracious appetites, binging on matter with such ferocity that not even light can escape once it's swallowed up.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2MBam7D

PNNL working with medical isotope producers to ensure continued effectiveness of nuclear explosion monitoring

Medical isotopes are used daily around the world to visualize and diagnose cancer, heart disease and other serious ailments.  However, the production of these lifesaving medical isotopes can emit gases that, while posing no danger to the public, have features that look similar to those produced by a nuclear explosion.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2FIEDkh

Scientists observe a new form of strange matter

In a discovery that could provide new insights into the origin of mass in the universe following the Big Bang, scientists from the international J-PARC E15 Collaboration, led by researchers from the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) have used experiments with kaons and helium-3 to experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of an exotic nucleus containing two protons and a bound kaon.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2T5ToRa

Collision of individual atoms leads to twofold change of angular momentum

Thanks to new technology, it is possible to retain individual atoms, move them in a targeted manner or change their condition. Kaiserslautern physicists also work with this system. In a recent study, they investigated the consequences of the collision of two atoms in a weak magnetic field at low temperature. For the first time they have discovered that atoms, carrying their angular momentum in individual packets (quanta), thereby exchange two packets. It was also shown that the interaction strength between the atoms can be controlled. This is of interest for investigating chemical reactions, for example. The paper was published in the journal Physical Review Letters.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2MvZJ5W

Collision resonances between ultracold atom and molecules visualized for the first time

For the first time, a team led by Prof. Jian-Wei Pan and Prof. Bo Zhao at the University of Science and Technology of China, have successfully observed scattering resonances between atoms and molecules at ultra-low temperatures, shedding light on the quantum nature of atom-molecule interactions that have so far only been discussed in theory. These observations greatly aid in the advancement of ultra-cold polar molecules and ultra-cold chemical physics. The new insights inform several other disciplines, such as designing high precision clocks, powerful microscopes, biological compasses and super-powerful quantum computers.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2TeDQux

Do endangered woods make better guitars?

Researchers have tested the sounds made by six different acoustic guitars in a study addressing the effects of the type of wood used in their construction.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2Tc32BS

Rapid and continuous 3-D printing with light

Three-dimensional (3-D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), can transform a material layer by layer to build an object of interest. 3-D printing is not a new concept, since stereolithography printers have existed since the 1980s. The widespread availability and cost-effectiveness of the technology has allowed a variety of modern applications in biomedical engineering.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2CAPQ2k

Transparent electronics research gains momentum

Transparent electronics are the future, according to researchers including José A. Flores-Livas and Miglė Graužinytė from the research group headed by Stefan Goedecker, Professor of Computational Physics at the University of Basel. However, the relevant technological development is progressing sluggishly due to a shortage of certain transparent semiconductors with a high level of conductivity.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RERVEG

Scientists discover new quantum spin liquid

An international research team led by the University of Liverpool and McMaster University has made a significant breakthrough in the search for new states of matter.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2R2NfTP

Famous freak wave recreated in laboratory mirrors Hokusai's 'Great Wave'

A team of researchers based at the Universities of Oxford and Edinburgh have recreated for the first time the famous Draupner freak wave measured in the North Sea in 1995.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2Mq9t1e

Toward ultrafast spintronics

Electronics have advanced through continuous improvements in microprocessor technology since the 1960s. However, this process of refinement is projected to stall in the near future due to constraints imposed by the laws of physics. Some of these bottlenecks have already taken effect. For instance, the clock speeds of processors are have not exceeded a few gigahertz, or several operations per nanosecond, for the past 20 years, a limitation stemming from the electrical resistance of silicon. This has led to an increasingly urgent global search for superior alternatives to semiconductor electronics.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2T6SMdQ

2-D magnetism reaches a new milestone

Researchers at the Center for Correlated Electron Systems, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in South Korea, in collaboration with Sogang University and Seoul National University, reported the first experimental observation of a XY-type antiferromagnetic material, whose magnetic order becomes unstable when it is reduced to one-atom thickness. Published in Nature Communications, these findings are consistent with theoretical predictions dating back to the 1970s.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2sMFmZf

Researchers capture an image of negative capacitance in action

For the first time ever, an international team of researchers imaged the microscopic state of negative capacitance. This novel result provides researchers with fundamental, atomistic insight into the physics of negative capacitance, which could have far-reaching consequences for energy-efficient electronics.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RGZAlG

Quantum sensors providing magnetic resonance with unprecedented sensitivity

A study by the Quantum Technologies for Information Science (QUTIS) group of the UPV/EHU's Department of Physical Chemistry, has produced a series of protocols for quantum sensors that could allow images to be obtained by means of the nuclear magnetic resonance of single biomolecules using a minimal amount of radiation. The results have been published in Physical Review Letters.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RCn7nS

Snowflakes are not as unique as you think

The delicate snow flurries that you watch fall from your window, shovel off your sidewalk, and curse when they turn into slush puddles, have quite a long adventure before they make it to the ground. A snowflake begins its descent to the tip of your nose or the top of your car from thousands of feet above the Earth. Its journey starts when ice forms around a speck of dust and gets blown by winds through the clouds, where its crystals then bloom into tiny ice stars.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RDYjfb

Enhanced NMR reveals chemical structures in a fraction of the time

MIT researchers have developed a way to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), a technique used to study the structure and composition of many kinds of molecules, including proteins linked to Alzheimer's and other diseases.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2T1KAvz

Large Hadron Collider replacement plans unveiled – here's what it could discover

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is the most powerful particle accelerator in the world. During its ten years of operations it has led to remarkable discoveries, including the long sought-after Higgs boson. On January 15, an international team of physicists unveiled the concept design for a new particle accelerator that would dwarf the LHC.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2W0BC3A

In search of Weyl semimetals

Imagine how much you could accomplish if the circuits in your laptop and cell phone worked 10 times faster, and your battery lasted 10 times longer, than they do now.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2QT8IyB

New thermoelectric material delivers record performance

Taking advantage of recent advances in using theoretical calculations to predict the properties of new materials, researchers reported Thursday the discovery of a new class of half-Heusler thermoelectric compounds, including one with a record high figure of merit—a metric used to determine how efficiently a thermoelectric material can convert heat to electricity.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2CtfHJr

Zirconium isotope a master at neutron capture

The probability that a nucleus will absorb a neutron is important to many areas of nuclear science, including the production of elements in the cosmos, reactor performance, nuclear medicine and defense applications.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2HeXXH5

Simple rules predict and explain biological mutualism

Scientists have long employed relatively simple guidelines to help explain the physical world, from Newton's second law of motion to the laws of thermodynamics.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RAvIYx

New quantum structures in super-chilled helium may mirror early days of universe

For the first time, researchers have documented the long-predicted occurrence of 'walls bound by strings' in superfluid helium-3. The existence of such an object, originally foreseen by cosmology theorists, may help explaining how the universe cooled down after the Big Bang. With the newfound ability to recreate these structures in the lab, earth-based scientists finally have a way to study some of the possible scenarios that might have taken place in the early universe more closely.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2QSB7EJ

Experiments detect entropy production in mesoscopic quantum systems

The production of entropy, which means increasing the degree of disorder in a system, is an inexorable tendency in the macroscopic world owing to the second law of thermodynamics. This makes the processes described by classical physics irreversible and, by extension, imposes a direction on the flow of time. However, the tendency does not necessarily apply in the microscopic world, which is governed by quantum mechanics. The laws of quantum physics are reversible in time, so in the microscopic world, there is no preferential direction to the flow of phenomena.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RPrYS9

Mechanism helps explain the ear's exquisite sensitivity

The human ear, like those of other mammals, is so extraordinarily sensitive that it can detect sound-wave-induced vibrations of the eardrum that move by less than the width of an atom. Now, researchers at MIT have discovered important new details of how the ear achieves this amazing ability to pick up faint sounds.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RA7vS9

CERN lays out vision for next-generation particle collider

Scientists behind the world's largest atom smasher have laid out their multibillion-euro vision to build an even bigger one, in hopes of unlocking even more secrets of matter and the universe in the coming decades.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2HfS1hb

Understanding physics could lead to big gains in shale oil recovery

Oil companies are missing out on vast sums of recoverable oil in unconventional reservoirs, according to Penn State experts.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2VXwjlh

Einstein–de Haas effect offers new insight into a puzzling magnetic phenomenon

More than 100 years ago, Albert Einstein and Wander Johannes de Haas discovered that when they used a magnetic field to flip the magnetic state of an iron bar dangling from a thread, the bar began to rotate.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2FyhoZa

Topological quantities flow

Topology is an emerging field within many scientific disciplines, even leading to a Nobel Physics Prize in 2016. Leiden physicist Marcello Caio and his colleagues have now discovered the existence of topological currents in analogy to electric currents. Their research is published in Nature Physics.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2VQ25k9

Here's how origami could be used to shape the future of engineering

Folding a paper crane is a slow, methodical process. So is unfolding an array of solar panels in space.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2HcJJXg

Big Bang query: Mapping how a mysterious liquid became all matter

The leading theory about how the universe began is the Big Bang, which says that 14 billion years ago the universe existed as a singularity, a one-dimensional point, with a vast array of fundamental particles contained within it. Extremely high heat and energy caused it to inflate and then expand into the cosmos as we know it—and, the expansion continues to this day.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2Cmgb40

5000 times faster than a computer—interatomic light rectifier generates directed electric currents

The absorption of light in semiconductor crystals without inversion symmetry can generate electric currents. Researchers at the Max Born Institute have now generated directed currents at terahertz (THz) frequencies, much higher than the clock rates of current electronics. They show that electronic charge transfer between neighboring atoms in the crystal lattice represents the underlying mechanism.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2SUjAxY

Fast serves don't make sense – unless you factor in physics

The serve is arguably the most important component of the modern tennis game – and the faster, the better.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2FudCzQ

New findings bring physicists closer to understanding the formation of planets and stars

Down a hallway in the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), scientists study the workings of a machine in a room stuffed with wires and metal components. The researchers seek to explain the behavior of vast clouds of dust and other material that encircle stars and black holes and collapse to form planets and other celestial bodies.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2D9gmRO

New method facilitates study of the effects of chemicals on DNA

University of Arkansas physics researchers have developed a simple, cost-effective method to study the effects of chemicals on DNA which has potential to improve the development and testing of life-saving treatments.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2FxzD0X

Saving energy by taking a close look inside transistors

Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have developed a simple yet accurate method for finding defects in the latest generation of silicon carbide transistors. This will speed up the process of developing more energy-efficient transistors in future. They have now published their findings in Communications Physics.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2D2vhgy

Oxygen migration at the heterostructure interface

NUS physicists have developed a methodology to control the electromigration of oxygen atoms in the buried interfaces of complex oxide materials for constructing high mobility oxide heterostructures.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2RJRS9N

Spintronics 'miracle material' put to the test

When German mineralogist Gustav Rose stood on the slopes of Russia's Ural Mountains in 1839 and picked up a piece of a previously undiscovered mineral, he had never heard of transistors or diodes or had any concept of how conventional electronics would become an integral part of our daily lives. He couldn't have anticipated that the rock he held in his hand, which he named "perovskite," could be a key to revolutionizing electronics as we know them.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2VDm6KR

How to build a 3-D-printed particle trap with free CERN schematics

CERN is synonymous with accelerators, designed to boost particles to close to the speed of light. But what if you want to slow down a particle and hold it in place while you study it? Particle traps are devices that use electromagnetic fields to suspend particles – macroscopic or elementary – in stasis long enough to do so. At CERN, experiments such as GBAR use ion traps to capture antihydrogen ions for research. In the case of antimatter, it is particularly important to use electromagnetic fields in vacuum chambers so that the antiparticles do not come into contact with normal matter – if they were to do so, they would annihilate instantly in a small burst of energy.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2TEnBqg

Common frame for analyzing complex systems in physics and economics

Scientists often need to make sense of complex systems without knowing the important parameters or even without access to all the information. A collaboration of network theorists has reported a common frame for addressing these problems using only one tool.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2SLUDor

Overtones can provide faster data communication

For the first time, researchers have succeeded in producing what are known as spin wave overtones. The technology paves the way for increasing the data transmission rate of wireless communication.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2AG0XGQ

New technique offers rapid assessment of radiation exposure

Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a new technique that allows them to assess radiation exposure in about an hour using an insulator material found in most modern electronics. The technique can be used to triage medical cases in the event of a radiological disaster.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2siqaTh

Identifying lower-energy neutrinos with a liquid-argon particle detector

An experiment at the Department of Energy's Fermilab has made a significant advance in the detection of neutrinos that hide themselves at lower energies.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2Qwn5IN

Scientists realize a three-dimensional 'topological' medium for electromagnetic waves

Topological insulators are exotic states of matter that physicists have been intensely studying for the past decade. Their most intriguing feature is that they can be rigorously distinguished from all other materials using a mathematical concept known as "topology." This mathematical property grants topological insulators the ability to transport electric signals without dissipation, via special quantum states called "topological surface states."

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2ADaWwK

Researchers offer new physics rule to find mechanical strain

Addressing a physics problem that dates back to Galileo, three University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers this week propose a new approach to the theory of how thin sheets can be forced to conform to "geometrically incompatible" shapes—think gift-wrapping a basketball—that relies on weaving together two fundamental ideas of geometry and mechanics that were long thought to be irreconcilable.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2Hbxz0K

Mechanical properties of tumors measured by Brillouin light scattering

A team of physicists at the Institut Lumière Matière (CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), in collaboration with the Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CNRS/INSERM/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/Centre Léon Bérard/Hospices civils de Lyon), has demonstrated the potential of an imaging technique based only on the physical properties of tumors. It can differentiate populations of malignant cells and monitor how effective an anticancer treatment is. These results, published in Physical Review Letters on January 8, 2019, should help in the design of new therapeutic molecules and in the personalization of treatments.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2VCMODa

Delayed adaptation favors coexistence

Soil bacteria must be able to adapt to varying environmental conditions. – But a new study by LMU researchers indicates that rapid adaptation can be counterproductive, while delayed adjustment facilitates coexistence of different species.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2CVccg3

New way of switching exotic properties on and off in topological material

A weird feature of certain exotic materials allows electrons to travel from one surface of the material to another as if there were nothing in between. Now, researchers have shown that they can switch this feature on and off by toggling a material in and out of a stable topological state with pulses of light. The method could provide a new way of manipulating materials that could be used in future quantum computers and devices that carry electric current with no loss.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2LYqgZo

Scientists reveal for first time the exact process by which chaotic systems synchronize

Synchronization, in which two different systems oscillate in an identical way, underlies numerous collective phenomena observed in nature, providing an example for emergent behaviors ranging from the acoustic unison of cricket choruses to the behavior of the human brain.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2AxiLE8

Neutrinos become less and less mysterious

The authors of a study published in Physical Review D have shown that coherent neutrino scattering with nuclei provides a novel way to measure the neutrino charge radii. This interaction was theoretically predicted more than 40 years ago, but the difficulty of measuring the very small nuclear recoil inhibited its experimental observation until 2017 by the COHERENT experiment.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2Rep75x

Fermilab scientists lead quest to find elusive fourth kind of neutrino

Neutrinos, ghostly fundamental particles that are famously difficult to study, could provide scientists with clues about the evolution of the universe.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2VD9l2C

A model for describing the hydrodynamics of crowds

Precise simulations of the movement and behavior of crowds can be vital to the production of digital sequences or the creation of large structures for crowd management. However, the ability to quantitatively predict the collective dynamic of a group responding to external stimulation remains a largely open issue, based primarily on models in which each individual's actions are simulated according to empirical behavioral rules. Until now, there was no experimentally tested physical model that describes the hydrodynamics of a crowd without assuming behavioral rules.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2VudrKs

Controllable fast, tiny magnetic bits

For many modern technical applications, such as superconducting wires for magnetic resonance imaging, engineers want as much as possible to get rid of electrical resistance and its accompanying production of heat.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2F7lxnh

Researchers design a more durable MEMS switch

Researchers from Binghamton University, State University of New York have developed a way to make cell phones and power lines more durable. 

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2QjE0OU

Innovative magnets for new energy-recovery accelerator

When it comes to particle accelerators, magnets are one key to success. Powerful magnetic fields keep particle beams "on track" as they're ramped up to higher energy, crashed into collisions for physics experiments, or delivered to patients to zap tumors. Innovative magnets have the potential to improve all these applications.

from General Physics News - Science News, Physics News, Physics, Material Sciences, Science http://bit.ly/2GSOQMd