AI tackles the challenge of materials structure prediction

Researchers have designed a machine learning method that can predict the structure of new materials with five times the efficiency of the current standard, removing a key roadblock in developing advanced materials for applications such as energy storage and photovoltaics.

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Magnetic quantum material broadens platform for probing next-gen information technologies

Scientists at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory used neutron scattering to determine whether a specific material's atomic structure could host a novel state of matter called a spiral spin liquid. By tracking tiny magnetic moments known as "spins" on the honeycomb lattice of a layered iron trichloride magnet, the team found the first 2D system to host a spiral spin liquid.

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Femtosecond laser bionic fabrication enabling bubble manipulation

The manipulation and use of gas in water have broad applications in energy utilization, chemical manufacturing, environmental protection, agricultural breeding, microfluidic chips, and health care. The possibility of driving underwater bubbles to move directionally and continuously over a given distance via unique gradient geometries has been successfully archived, opening room for more research on this exciting topic. In many cases, however, the gradient geometry is microscope and unsuitable for transporting gas at microscope level because most microscale gradient structures provide the insufficient driving force. This makes underwater self-transportation of bubbles and gases at the microscopic level a big challenge.

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Roboticists discover alternative physics

Energy, mass, velocity. These three variables make up Einstein's iconic equation E=MC2. But how did Einstein know about these concepts in the first place? A precursor step to understanding physics is identifying relevant variables. Without the concept of energy, mass, and velocity, not even Einstein could discover relativity. But can such variables be discovered automatically? Doing so could greatly accelerate scientific discovery.

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Researchers develop novel 3D atomic force microscopy probes

A team of researchers from NYU Abu Dhabi's Advanced Microfluidics and Microdevices Laboratory (AMMLab) have developed new kind of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) probes in true three-dimensional shapes they call 3DTIPs. AFM technology allows scientists to observe, measure, and manipulate samples and micro and nanoscale entities with unprecedented precision. The new 3DTIPs, which are manufactured using a single-step 3D printing process, can be utilized for a wider variety of applications—and potential observations and discoveries—than standard, more limited silicon-based probes that are considered state-of-the-art in our current time.

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This Australian experiment is on the hunt for an elusive particle that could help unlock the mystery of dark matter

Australian scientists are making strides towards solving one of the greatest mysteries of the universe: the nature of invisible "dark matter."

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Imaging the brain with ultrasound waves

Both ultrasound for medical imaging and seismology for imaging the Earth's interior measure the propagation of waves through matter. For example, when seismic waves encounter material differences in the Earth's interior, such as between different rock formations, they are reflected and refracted at their interfaces. As a result, the speed of the waves changes. If researchers measure these waves at the surface, they can draw conclusions about the structure of the Earth's interior, as well as the composition of the rocks and their material properties such as density, pressure or temperature.

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Researchers identify how cells move faster through mucus than blood

Researchers at the University of Toronto, Johns Hopkins University and Vanderbilt University have discovered that certain cells move surprisingly faster in thicker fluid—think honey as opposed to water, or mucus as opposed to blood—because their ruffled edges sense the viscosity of their environment and adapt to increase their speed.

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Using an antineutrino reactor-off method between submarine patrols to by-pass need for onboard access inspections

A pair of researchers at Virginia Tech is suggesting that it should be possible to use a low-energy antineutrino reactor-off method set between submarine patrols to by-pass the need for onboard access by inspectors. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters, Bernadette Cogswell and Patrick Huber describe a means for safeguarding nuclear fuel used for naval propulsion systems on vessels around the world.

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Halos and dark matter: A recipe for discovery

About three years ago, Wolfgang "Wolfi" Mittig and Yassid Ayyad went looking for the universe's missing mass, better known as dark matter, in the heart of an atom.

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Light polarization creates art, explains mathematical concepts

The polarization of light underpins a variety of recent technological innovations, including 3D cinema and LCDs. In LCDs, tiny electronically controllable liquid crystal elements are sandwiched between polarizers. If, instead, other transparent polarization-altering films—like cellophane gift wrap and packaging tape—are placed between a set of polarizers, an array of polarization-filtered colors can be observed.

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Researchers report high carrier mobility of cubic boron arsenide

Cubic boron arsenide (c-BAs), a semiconductor with ultrahigh thermal conductivity comparable to diamond, has attracted wide attention since 2018, with many people wondering whether it is suitable for transistors.

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Majority of early career researchers in physical science want to publish open access, but face financial barriers

A new global study from AIP Publishing, the American Physical Society (APS), IOP Publishing (IOPP) and Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA) indicates that the majority of early career researchers (ECRs) want to publish open access (OA) but they need grants from funding agencies to do so.

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The outer limits: Future economic growth in the face of diminishing resources

The 1972 book "The Limits to Growth" shared a somber message for humanity: the Earth's resources are finite and probably cannot support current rates of economic and population growth to the end of the 21st century, even with advanced technology. Although disparaged by economists at the time, it turns out that, 50 years later, the message still deserves our attention.

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Using holograms to illuminate de Sitter space

Our understanding of the universe may not be expanding as much as the universe itself. In some cases, our theories about cosmic inflation may feel as if they are deflating into a black hole.

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New physics law could predict genetic mutations

Genetic mutations could be predicted before they occur using a new law of physics, according to a study from the University of Portsmouth.

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Marking a magnetic memory milestone

Computers and smartphones have different kinds of memory, which vary in speed and power efficiency depending on where they are used in the system. Typically, larger computers, especially those in data centers, will use a lot of magnetic hard drives, which are less common in consumer systems now. The magnetic technology these are based on provides very high capacity, but lack the speed of solid state system memory. Devices based on upcoming spintronic technology may be able to bridge that gap and radically improve upon even theoretical performance of classical electronic devices.

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New research furthers understanding of the electronic structure of graphite

Graphite is an incredibly important, versatile mineral, with uses spanning industries. Because graphite can easily conduct electricity and withstand high temperatures, it is especially important for electronics. Graphite is an essential component of many batteries, including lithium-ion batteries, and demand is only increasing as new technology is developed.

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How blood vessels remember a stroke

The vascular system within our body provides a constant flow of nutrients, hormones and other resources, thus ensuring efficient transport. The researchers Komal Bhattacharyya, David Zwicker, and Karen Alim investigated in which way such a network is able to adapt and change over time. Using computer simulations, they modeled the network and identified adaptation rules for its connections.

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A primary standard for measuring vacuum

A novel, quantum-based vacuum gauge system invented by researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has passed its first test to be a true primary standard—that is, intrinsically accurate without the need for calibration.

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Knots in the resonator: Elegant math in humble physics

At the heart of every resonator—be it a cello, a gravitational wave detector, or the antenna in your cell phone—there is a beautiful bit of mathematics that has been heretofore unacknowledged.

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Music-making and the flow of aerosols

The latest research from the labs of Penn scientists Paulo Arratia and Douglas Jerolmack was an answer to "a call for help," says Arratia.

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Physicists use AI to find the most complex protein knots so far

The question of how the chemical composition of a protein—the amino acid sequence—determines its 3D structure has been one of the biggest challenges in biophysics for more than half a century. This knowledge about the so-called "folding" of proteins is in great demand, as it contributes significantly to the understanding of various diseases and their treatment, among other things. For these reasons, Google's DeepMind research team has developed AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence that predicts 3D structures.

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Researchers present anti-reflective coating that blocks waves of many types

Bad wireless reception, the noise in the radio signal or poor visibility in the fog—all these annoyances have to do with the fact that waves such as visible light or microwave signals are deflected and reflected by numerous disordered obstacles. TU Wien in Vienna (Austria) and the University of Rennes (France) have now jointly developed a surprising method to eliminate wave reflections altogether.

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Starfish embryos swim in formation like a 'living crystal,' could inform the design of self-assembling robotic swarms

In its earliest stages, long before it sprouts its signature appendages, a starfish embryo resembles a tiny bead, spinning through the water like a miniature ball bearing.

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Physicist defends validity of Stokes-Einstein equation in living systems

A physicist at the University of Arkansas has defended the validity of the Stokes-Einstein equation, one of Albert Einstein's most famous equations, as it relates to biology. The research will help scientists better understand antibiotic resistance and the mechanical properties of cancer cells.

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Theoretical model describing the motion of ultrasound waves in the presence of multiple bubbles

Scientists from the Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering at the University of Tsukuba created a theoretical model for describing the motion of ultrasound waves in the presence of multiple bubbles. This work may assist doctors in designing new diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ultrasound technology.

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Researchers remeasure gravitational constant

The gravitational constant G determines the strength of gravity—the force that makes apples fall to the ground or pulls the Earth in its orbit around the sun. It is part of Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation, which he first formulated more than 300 years ago. The constant cannot be derived mathematically; it has to be determined through experiment.

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Potential energy surfaces of water mapped for the first time

Water is certainly the best-known liquid in the world. It plays a crucial role in all biological and many chemical processes. The water molecules themselves hardly hold any secrets. In school we learn that water consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. We even know the typical obtuse angle that the two O-H legs form with each other. In addition, we know when water boils or freezes and how these phase transitions are related to pressure.

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Using thermodynamic geometry to optimize microscopic finite-time heat engines

Stochastic thermodynamics is an emerging area of physics aimed at better understanding and interpreting thermodynamic concepts away from equilibrium. Over the past few years, findings in these fields have revolutionized the general understanding of different thermodynamic processes operating in finite time.

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Shining a light on dark matter one particle at a time

University of Adelaide experts are trying to unlock the secrets of dark matter, which makes up 84% of the matter in the universe, but we know little about it. Researchers are using a new tool that could signal the existence of a new particle.

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Huge underground search for mysterious dark matter begins

In a former gold mine a mile underground, inside a titanium tank filled with a rare liquified gas, scientists have begun the search for what so far has been unfindable: dark matter.

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Predicting the composition of dark matter

A new analysis by a team of physicists offers an innovative means to predict "cosmological signatures" for models of dark matter.

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Physicists see electron whirlpools for the first time

Though they are discrete particles, water molecules flow collectively as liquids, producing streams, waves, whirlpools, and other classic fluid phenomena.

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Study sets new constraints on dark photons using a new dielectric optical haloscope

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Perimeter Institute recently set new constraints on dark photons, which are hypothetical particles and renowned dark matter candidates. Their findings, presented in a paper published in Physical Review Letters, were attained using a new superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) they developed.

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Mathematical calculations show that quantum communication across interstellar space should be possible

A team of physicists at the University of Edinburgh's School of Physics and Astronomy has used mathematical calculations to show that quantum communications across interstellar space should be possible. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review D, the group describes their calculations and also the possibility of extraterrestrial beings attempting to communicate with us using such signaling.

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Video: The new Large Hadron Collider beauty VELO

The Vertex Locator (VELO) was installed at the LHCb experiment in May 2022, just in time for the start of the third LHC run, on 5 July, marking the end of 15 years of development and construction.

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As 'Run 3' begins, CERN touts discovery of exotic particles

The physics lab that's home to the world's largest atom smasher announced on Tuesday the observation of three new "exotic particles" that could provide clues about the force that binds subatomic particles together.

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Large Hadron Collider takes first data in record-breaking run

CERN has announced the world's most powerful particle accelerator is ready to start delivering proton collisions to experiments at a record-breaking energy level.

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What comes after the Higgs boson

Ten years ago this week, two international collaborations of groups of scientists, including a large contingent from Caltech, confirmed that they had found conclusive evidence for the Higgs boson, an elusive elementary particle, first predicted in a series of articles published in the mid-1960s, that is thought to endow elementary particles with mass.

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LHCb discovers three new exotic particles: the pentaquark and the first-ever pair of tetraquarks

The international LHCb collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has observed three never-before-seen particles: a new kind of pentaquark and the first-ever pair of tetraquarks, which includes a new type of tetraquark. The findings, presented today at a CERN seminar, add three new exotic members to the growing list of new hadrons found at the LHC. They will help physicists better understand how quarks bind together into these composite particles.

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The Higgs boson, ten years after its discovery

Ten years ago, on July 4 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) announced the discovery of a new particle with features consistent with those of the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics. The discovery was a landmark in the history of science and captured the world's attention. One year later it won François Englert and Peter Higgs the Nobel Prize in Physics for their prediction made decades earlier, together with the late Robert Brout, of a new fundamental field, known as the Higgs field, that pervades the universe, manifests itself as the Higgs boson and gives mass to the elementary particles.

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ATLAS and CMS release results of most comprehensive studies yet of Higgs boson's properties

Today, exactly ten years after announcing the discovery of the Higgs boson, the international ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) report the results of their most comprehensive studies yet of the properties of this unique particle. The independent studies, described in two papers published today in Nature, show that the particle's properties are remarkably consistent with those of the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics. The studies also show that the particle is increasingly becoming a powerful means to search for new, unknown phenomena that—if found—could help shed light on some of the biggest mysteries of physics, such as the nature of the mysterious dark matter present in the universe.

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Large Hadron Collider revs up to unprecedented energy level

Ten years after it discovered the Higgs boson, the Large Hadron Collider is about to start smashing protons together at unprecedented energy levels in its quest to reveal more secrets about how the universe works.

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Keeping the energy in the room

It may seem like technology advances year after year, as if by magic. But behind every incremental improvement and breakthrough revolution is a team of scientists and engineers hard at work.

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