Researchers discover that soap film on bubbles is cooler than the air around it

A team of researchers at Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, has discovered that the film that makes up ordinary soap bubbles is cooler than the surrounding air. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters, the group describes experiments they conducted with soap bubbles.

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Modeling the collective movement of bacteria to better understand the formation of troublesome biofilms

Biofilms form when microorganisms such as certain types of bacteria adhere to the surface of objects in a moist environment and begin to reproduce resulting in the excretion of a slimy glue-like substance.

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Study lays foundation for producing germanium-68/gallium-68 generator

Researchers at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have conducted a study on the separation route of germanium-68 and successfully prepared a germanium-68/gallium-68 generator.

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sPHENIX assembly update: Magnet mapped, detectors prepared

Physicists, engineers, and technicians at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory are rounding out the year with key developments to a house-sized particle detector that will begin capturing collision snapshots for the first time next spring.

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New technique reveals changing shapes of magnetic noise in space and time

Electromagnetic noise poses a major problem for communications, prompting wireless carriers to invest heavily in technologies to overcome it. But for a team of scientists exploring the atomic realm, measuring tiny fluctuations in noise could hold the key to discovery.

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Three time dimensions, one space dimension: Relativity of superluminal observers in 1+3 spacetime

How would our world be viewed by observers moving faster than light in a vacuum? Such a picture would be clearly different from what we encounter every day. "We should expect to see not only phenomena that happen spontaneously, without a deterministic cause, but also particles traveling simultaneously along multiple paths," argue theorists from universities in Warsaw and Oxford.

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Large Hadron Collider ATLAS moves into top gear for Run 3

After over three years of upgrade and maintenance work, the Large Hadron Collider began its third period of operation (Run 3) in July 2022. Since then, the world's most powerful particle accelerator has been colliding protons at a record-breaking energy of 13.6 TeV. The ATLAS collaboration has just released its first measurements of these record collisions, studying data collected in the first half of August 2022.

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CERN presents new measurements of rare decays that provide a high-precision test of lepton flavor universality

Today the international LHCb collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) presented new measurements of rare particle transformations, or decays, that provide one of the highest-precision tests yet of a key property of the Standard Model of particle physics, known as lepton flavor universality.

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Stresses and hydrodynamics: Scientists uncover new organizing principles of the genome

A team of scientists has uncovered the physical principles—a series of forces and hydrodynamic flows—that help ensure the proper functioning of life's blueprint. Its discovery provides new insights into the genome while potentially offering a new means to spot genomic aberrations linked to developmental disorders and human diseases.

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What triggers flow fluctuations in heavy-ion collision debris?

Scientists in the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)—an atom smasher at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory—have published a comprehensive analysis aimed at determining which factors most influence fluctuations in the flow of particles from heavy ion collisions. The results, published in Physical Review Letters, will help the scientists zero in on key properties of a unique form of matter that mimics the early universe.

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The Donnan potential, revealed at last

The Donnan electric potential arises from an imbalance of charges at the interface of a charged membrane and a liquid, and for more than a century it has stubbornly eluded direct measurement. Many researchers have even written off such a measurement as impossible.

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Computer code accurately predicts the disintegration of droplets in turbulent flows

New computer simulations can go where experiments reach their limits. Scientists from the Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM) at the University of Bremen have developed a computer code that enables accurate predictions of the disintegration of droplets in turbulent flows.

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Deblurring can reveal 3D features of heavy-ion collisions

When the nuclei of atoms are about to collide in an experiment, their centers never perfectly align along the direction of relative motion. This leads to collisions with complex three-dimensional geometry. Emissions from the dense hot region of nuclear matter form patterns during a collision.

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Using machine learning to better understand how water behaves

Water has puzzled scientists for decades. For the last 30 years or so, they have theorized that when cooled down to a very low temperature like -100C, water might be able to separate into two liquid phases of different densities. Like oil and water, these phases don't mix and may help explain some of water's other strange behavior, like how it becomes less dense as it cools.

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Christmas-colored droplets hint at solutions for fog harvesting

When two water droplets merge on an inclined super-hydrophilic wire, their movement speed increases.

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Hot salt, clean energy: How artificial intelligence can enhance advanced nuclear reactors

Technology developed at Argonne can help narrow the field of candidates for molten salts, a new study demonstrates.

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Nuclear fusion: how scientists can turn latest breakthrough into a new clean power source

Researchers in the US have finally fulfilled an objective that was set decades ago: the achievement of "ignition"—getting more energy out than you put in—using nuclear fusion.

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It's colossal: Creating the world's largest dilution refrigerator

Fermilab is known for its massive experiments, and Colossus will fit right in. Researchers from the Fermilab-hosted Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center need lots of room at cold temperatures to achieve their goal of building a state-of-the-art quantum computer.

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Rosin powder can help maintain more constant friction when pitching a baseball

In baseball, even the smallest detail can tip the scales in favor of the batter or the pitcher. A recent publication has highlighted how rosin powder helps maintain a more constant friction when pitching, something that could bring about a fairer playing field in Major League Baseball.

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Could axion decay underlie excess cosmic optical background?

The cosmic optical background (COB) is the visible light emitted by all sources outside of the Milky Way. This faint glow of light, which can only be observed using very precise and sophisticated telescopes, could help astrophysics to learn more about the origins of the universe and what lies beyond our galaxy.

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Particles of light may create fluid flow, data-theory comparison suggests

A new computational analysis by theorists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Wayne State University supports the idea that photons (a.k.a. particles of light) colliding with heavy ions can create a fluid of "strongly interacting" particles. In a paper just published in Physical Review Letters, they show that calculations describing such a system match up with data collected by the ATLAS detector at Europe's Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

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Studying spinning-induced scattering of sound to create next-generation acoustic devices using new phonon modes

Interactions between a spinning object and soundwaves could help develop high-precision tools, such as tweezers that control the motion and position of submillimeter objects by manipulating acoustic waves, a KAUST-led international team suggests.

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Light can be used to control molecular handedness

In a recent study, researchers at Freie Universität Berlin, the DESY research center in Hamburg, Kiel University, and Kansas State University have shown how light can turn a planar molecule into a chiral molecule with just one particular handedness, providing a solution to the long-standing problem of absolute asymmetric synthesis. This new process could be particularly useful in chemically synthesizing compounds.

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Scientists discover strongest-ever isospin mixing in beta decay

Scientists from the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and their collaborators have discovered the strongest isospin mixing ever observed in β-decay experiments, presenting a direct challenge to the understanding of nuclear force. The results were published in Physical Review Letters as an Editors' Suggestion on Dec. 8.

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Revealing the complexities of the magnetization reversal mechanism with topological data analysis

Spintronic devices and their operation are governed by the microstructures of magnetic domains. These magnetic domain structures undergo complex, drastic changes when an external magnetic field is applied to the system. The resulting fine structures are not reproducible, and it is challenging to quantify the complexity of magnetic domain structures.

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A numerical protocol to estimate local entropy production

In physics, equilibrium is a state in which a system's motion and internal energy do not change over time. Videos of systems in equilibrium would look exactly the same if they were watched in their normal chronological progression or backwards. This symmetry means that a system has an entropy production rate equal to zero.

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Scientists find new hints that dark matter could be made up of dark photons

Dark matter could be made up of ultralight dark photons that heated up our universe: this is a new scenario proposed in a study recently published in Physical Review Letters. This hypothesis, the authors say, is in excellent agreement with observations made by the Cosmic Origin Spectrograph (COS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope, which takes measurements of the "cosmic web", the complex and tenuous network of filaments that fills the space between galaxies.

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New approaches to the mystery of why ice is slippery

In contact with a solid the surface of ice melts, forming a lubricant layer which is self-perpetuating, as greater weight and slippage are applied to it. This cooperative phenomenon makes the ice more slippery and more likely to cause skating or car accidents, according to international research led by the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM).

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How to rebuild an atomic clock

Atomic clocks are crucial for everyday living as they help our telecommunications, electrical power grids, GPS systems, transportation, and other processes around the world keep precise time. Some of these clocks use lasers and special resonator cavities to measure time intervals. They are some of the most accurate clocks in the world and the most fragile.

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In new studies, researchers explore novel ways to hunt dark matter

For decades, astronomers and physicists have been trying to solve one of the deepest mysteries about the cosmos: An estimated 85% of its mass is missing. Numerous astronomical observations indicate that the visible mass in the universe is not nearly enough to hold galaxies together and account for how matter clumps. Some kind of invisible, unknown type of subatomic particle, dubbed dark matter, must provide the extra gravitational glue.

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A new computational system streamlines the design of fluidic devices

Combustion engines, propellers, and hydraulic pumps are examples of fluidic devices—instruments that utilize fluids to perform certain functions, such as generating power or transporting water.

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Research explains basics of aerosol formation at the vocal folds

Very small exhaled droplets, so-called aerosol particles, play an important role in the airborne transmission of pathogens such as the coronavirus. Researchers in the field of fluid mechanics used a model to investigate how exactly the small droplets are formed in the larynx when speaking or singing. The team now reports its results in the current issue of Physics of Fluids. The findings can now help to develop targeted measures to stop chains of infection.

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Physicists discover new transfermium isotope lawrencium-251

Physicists have recently synthesized a new transfermium isotope lawrencium-251 and studied the α decay of lawrencium-253 in more detail. This is the first new lawrencium isotope synthesized directly over the past two decades and it is also the first new isotope synthesized using the Argonne Gas-Filled Analyzer (AGFA) at the Argonne National Laboratory. The study has been published in Physical Review C.

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How far has nuclear fusion power come? We could be at a turning point for the technology

Our society faces the grand challenge of providing sustainable, secure and affordable means of generating energy, while trying to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to net zero around 2050.

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Study explores the possibility that dark photons might be a heat source for intergalactic gas

Gas clouds across the universe are known to absorb the light produced by distant massive celestial objects, known as quasars. This light manifests as the so-called Lyman alpha forest, a dense structure composed of absorption lines that can be observed using spectroscopy tools.

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Tiny underwater sand dunes may shed light on larger terrestrial and Martian formations

The English poet William Blake famously implored readers to "see the world in a grain of sand." In the journal Physics of Fluids, scientists from the University of Campinas, in Brazil, and the University of California, Los Angeles, have been doing just that—studying the "granular" dynamics of how crescent-shaped sand dunes are formed.

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Improving precision of pressure determination in nanosecond X-ray diffraction experiments

X-ray diffraction measurements under laser-driven dynamic compression allow researchers to investigate the atomic structure of matter at hundreds of thousands of atmospheres of pressure and temperatures of thousands of degrees, with broad implications for condensed matter physics, planetary science and astronomy.

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3D printing can help produce valuable radiopharmaceuticals

Without accurate diagnostics, it is difficult to talk about effective treatment of patients, especially in the case of cancer. Today, as much as 80% of diagnostic procedures using radiopharmaceuticals require the use of molybdenum-99. In the future, the production efficiency of this valuable radioisotope can be increased using uranium targets prepared by spatial printing.

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World Cup: This year's special Al Rihla ball has the aerodynamics of a champion, according to a sports physicist

As with every World Cup, at the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar the players will be using a new ball. The last thing competitors want is for the most important piece of equipment in the most important tournament in the world's most popular sport to behave in unexpected ways, so a lot of work goes into making sure that every new World Cup ball feels familiar to players.

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Why does lightning zigzag? At last, an answer to the mystery

Everyone has seen lightning and marveled at its power. But despite its frequency—about 8.6 million lightning strikes occur worldwide every day—why lightning proceeds in a series of steps from the thundercloud to the earth below has remained a mystery.

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Making sense of coercivity in magnetic materials with machine learning

Soft magnetic materials, i.e., materials that can be easily magnetized and demagnetized, play an essential role in transformers, generators, and motors. The ability of a magnetic material to resist an external magnetic field without changing its magnetization is known as "coercivity," a property closely linked to the energy loss. In applications such as electric cars, low-coercivity materials are highly desirable to achieve higher energy efficiency.

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