New study uncover nuclear spin's impact on biological processes

A research team led by Prof. Yossi Paltiel at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with groups from HUJI, Weizmann and IST Austria has published a new study that reveals the influence of nuclear spin on biological processes. This discovery challenges long-held assumptions and opens up exciting possibilities for advancements in biotechnology and quantum biology.

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Looking for sterile neutrinos in the CMS muon system

The CMS collaboration has recently presented new results in searches for long-lived heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). Also known as "sterile neutrinos", HNLs are interesting hypothetical particles that could solve three major puzzles in particle physics: they could explain the smallness of neutrino masses via the so-called "see-saw" mechanism, they could explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe, and at the same time they could provide a candidate for dark matter.

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Investigating the Ising model with magnetization

Researchers have explored the evolution of systems of interacting spins, as they transition from random to orderly alignments. Through new simulations, they show that this evolution can be investigated by measuring the changing strength of the system's magnetism.

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New discovery shows tensile cracks can shatter classical speed limits, approach near-supersonic velocities

Researchers at the Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, have made a discovery that challenges the conventional understanding of fracture mechanics. The team, led by Dr. Meng Wang, Dr. Songlin Shi, and Prof. Jay Fineberg, has experimentally demonstrated the existence of "supershear" tensile cracks that exceed classical speed limits and transition to near-supersonic velocities. Their paper is published in the journal Science.

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Physicists achieve breakthrough in Monte Carlo computer simulations

Researchers at Leipzig University have developed a highly efficient method to investigate systems with long-range interactions that were previously puzzling to experts. These systems can be gases or even solid materials such as magnets whose atoms interact not only with their neighbors but also far beyond.

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Scientists use a bath of swimming bacteria to assemble unconventional materials

A hot bath is a place to relax. For scientists, it is also where molecules or tiny building blocks meet to form materials. Researchers at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) take it to the next level and use the energy of swimming bacteria to forge materials. A study published in Nature Physics shows how this works and the potential sustainability benefits that may arise from this innovative approach.

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Bromide ions cause ripples in semiclathrate hydrates, finds neutron scattering study

The way that water molecules behave in proton conducting materials is very important for understanding—and making the most of—their properties. This means being able to look at very rapid snapshots to catch changes in the water motion.

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Designing detectors for DUNE

The most abundant, massive particles in the universe may be ones you've never even heard of: neutrinos. These particles are all around us—even streaming through us—though they almost never interact with other particles. They are so light and weakly interacting that no one has recorded their mass.

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Better energy harvesting with 'law-breaking' device

If you take an object and set it out in the sun, it will begin to warm up. This is because it is absorbing energy from the sun's rays and converting that energy to heat. If you leave that object outside, it will continue getting warmer, but only to a point. A sunbather lying on a beach won't catch fire, after all.

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A general methodology to measure the light-to-heat conversion efficiency of solid materials

Light-to-heat conversion has been intensively investigated due to the potential applications including photothermal therapy and solar energy harvesting. Light-to-heat conversion efficiency (LHCE) is the most important figure of merit for evaluating photothermal materials, such as organic molecules, carbon-based materials and nanocrystals.

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Spallation Neutron Source accelerator achieves world-record 1.7-megawatt power level

The Spallation Neutron Source at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory set a world record when its particle accelerator beam operating power reached 1.7 megawatts, substantially improving on the facility's original design capability.

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ATLAS sets record precision on Higgs boson's mass

In the 11 years since its discovery at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the Higgs boson has become a central avenue for shedding light on the fundamental structure of the universe. Precise measurements of the properties of this special particle are among the most powerful tools physicists have to test the Standard Model, currently the theory that best describes the world of particles and their interactions. At the Lepton Photon Conference this week, the ATLAS collaboration reported how it has measured the mass of the Higgs boson more precisely than ever before.

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Experiment demonstrates ultra-sensitivity for dark photon searches

Scientists working on the Dark SRF experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy's Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory have demonstrated unprecedented sensitivity in an experimental setup used to search for theorized particles called dark photons.

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Minimal energy loss thanks to smart use of branched fluidic networks

Researchers at the University of Twente have developed a theoretical method for designing fluidic networks that has direct applications for scientists and engineers.

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An even closer look at the 'doubly magic' tin-100 nucleus

In a new paper published in Physical Review Letters, researchers working at CERN's ISOLDE facility describe how an upgrade to the ISOLTRAP experiment has allowed them to determine the energy necessary to bring the atomic nucleus of indium-99 from its ground state to a long-lived excited state called an isomer. The result follows an earlier ISOLTRAP measurement of indium-99 in the ground state, offering an even closer look at the nucleus of tin-100—a "doubly magic" nucleus that is a mere proton above indium-99.

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A quantum radar that outperforms classical radar by 20%

Quantum technologies, a wide range of devices that operate by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, could significantly outperform classical devices on some tasks. Physicists and engineers worldwide have thus been working hard to achieve this long-sought "quantum advantage" over classical computing approaches.

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PandaX sets new constraints on the search for light dark matter via ionization signals

Teams of physicists worldwide have been trying to detect dark matter, an elusive type of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light. Due to its lack of interactions with electromagnetic forces, this matter is very difficult to observe directly, thus most researchers are instead searching for signals originating from its interactions with other particles in its surroundings.

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New method to search for strongly interacting dark matter inside neutrino detectors

Physicists worldwide are trying to detect dark matter (DM) particles and their interactions with visible matter using various strategies and detectors. As these particles do not emit, reflect or absorb light, they have so far proved to be very difficult to observe, particularly using common experimental methods.

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What does the Standard Model predict for the magnetic moment of the muon?

Predicting the numerical value of the magnetic moment of the muon is one of the most challenging calculations in high-energy physics. Some physicists spend the bulk of their careers improving the calculation to greater precision.

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A solid-state quantum microscope that controls the wave functions of atomic quantum dots in silicon

Over the past decades, physicists and engineers have been trying to develop various technologies that leverage quantum mechanical effects, including quantum microscopes. These are microscopy tools that can be used to study the properties of quantum particles and quantum states in depth.

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Investigating the use of noise to solve inverse physical problems

The early success of physics comes mainly from solving direct or forward problems in which the physical state of a system can be described from a well-defined physical model and from governing equations. Yet, there exists a different type of problem—inverse problems—that are trickier to solve but are crucial to fields such as engineering, astrophysics and geophysics.

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New ALICE results shed light on the nature of gluonic matter at the Large Hadron Collider

In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), proton and lead beams travel close to the speed of light. They carry a strong electromagnetic field that acts like a flux of photons as the beam moves through the accelerator. When the two beams at the LHC pass by close to each other without colliding, one of the beams may emit a photon of very high energy that strikes the other beam. This can result in photon—nucleus, photon—proton, and even photon—photon collisions.

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Laser experiments reveal how high voltage affects charged ions in burning fuel

A burning flame is full of charged particles that can be affected by an electric field. KAUST researchers have now studied the use of high voltages to control these particles, which could potentially reduce soot formation and improve a flame's stability.

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Einstein's theory of relativity reaffirmed, despite doubts from quantum physicists

One of the most basic assumptions of fundamental physics is that the different properties of mass—weight, inertia and gravitation—always remain the same in relation to each other. Without this equivalence, Einstein's theory of relativity would be contradicted and our current physics textbooks would have to be rewritten. Although all measurements to date confirm the equivalence principle, quantum theory postulates that there should be a violation.

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Scientists move toward engineering living matter by manipulating movement of microparticles

A team of scientists has devised a system that replicates the movement of naturally occurring phenomena, such as hurricanes and algae, using laser beams and the spinning of microscopic rotors.

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First search for axion-like particles in a storage ring using a polarized deuteron beam

For the first time, scientists have applied a promising new method to search for dark matter particles in a particle accelerator. The method used by researchers in the international JEDI collaboration is based on the observation of the spin polarization of a particle beam in the Jülich storage ring COSY. They published their results July 12 in the journal Physical Review X.

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80-year-old principles incompletely explain turbulent flows, study shows

Experiments at the unique wind tunnel of the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS) in Göttingen show that laws formulated more than 80 years ago and their extensions only incompletely explain turbulent flows.

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Skipping stones: Researchers uncover dynamics of buoyant spheres at air-water interface

Inspired by the need to safeguard marine animals and promote sustainable solutions within marine environments, an interdisciplinary team of researchers from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia and Sofia University in Bulgaria are delving into the hydrodynamics of buoyant objects at the air-water interface.

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Quantum proton billiards: ATLAS experiment reports fundamental properties of strong interactions

The quantum nature of interactions between elementary particles allows drawing non-trivial conclusions even from processes as simple as elastic scattering. The ATLAS experiment at the LHC accelerator reports the measurement of fundamental properties of strong interactions between protons at ultra-high energies.

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Nuclear charge distribution measurements may solve outstanding puzzle in particle physics

What scientists call the "nuclear weak distribution" describes the distribution of "active" protons in a nucleus. These are protons that are eligible to transition into neutrons through what scientists call the "weak interaction."

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Why does matter exist? Roundness of electrons may hold clues

In the first moments of our universe, countless numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons formed alongside their antimatter counterparts. As the universe expanded and cooled, almost all these matter and antimatter particles met and annihilated each other, leaving only photons, or flashes of light, in their wake.

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Ready set upgrade: Advanced Photon Source's overhaul is underway

For over a decade, teams have been working to design and prepare for the rebirth of the APS. Now, the moment is here.

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Physicists generate first snapshots of fermion pairs shed light on how electrons form superconducting pairs

When your laptop or smartphone heats up, it's due to energy that's lost in translation. The same goes for power lines that transmit electricity between cities. In fact, around 10 percent of the generated energy is lost in the transmission of electricity. That's because the electrons that carry electric charge do so as free agents, bumping and grazing against other electrons as they move collectively through power cords and transmission lines. All this jostling generates friction, and, ultimately, heat.

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Beamline innovation could enhance the potential of cancer treatment with proton therapy

Physicists have devised a way to achieve higher doses and shorter treatment times for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy with protons, circumventing the problems of internal organ motions. They achieve this using a modification in the beamline, known as momentum cooling. Their study is published in the journal Nature Physics.

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How splitting sound might lead to a new kind of quantum computer

When you turn on a lamp to brighten a room, you are experiencing light energy transmitted as photons, which are small, discrete quantum packets of energy. These photons must obey the sometimes strange laws of quantum mechanics, which, for instance, dictate that photons are indivisible, but at the same time, allow a photon to be in two places at once.

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Physicists rediscover a discarded theory to solve a mystery of how glass damping sound

For about half a century, physicists have puzzled over vibrations in glass at low temperatures. The reason: Glass carries sound waves and vibrations differently than other solids—it "vibrates differently." But why? And how can the propagation of sound in glass be calculated correctly?

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Unraveling the super-complex structure of supercooled liquids

When cooled to their freezing point, most liquids become solids or crystallize. In other words, the molecules arrange themselves in a perfectly ordered fashion, which physicists call a crystal. Supercooled liquids are different; they do not form such crystals even if they are cooled below their freezing point. These liquids are used in many industries, but a thorough understanding of their properties is lacking. Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) researchers now reveal the most realistic description of their properties to date, using—as a first-time—four body correlation functions. The work is published in the journal PNAS Nexus.

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